Influence of microstructure features on wear behavior of Ti-6Al4V alloy

Abouelela, K.; Elshaer, R.

doi:10.21608/ijmti.2022.137969.1054

Influence of microstructure features on wear behavior of Ti-6Al4V alloy

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

K. Abouelela ¹
R. Elshaer ²

¹ Central Metallurgical R&D Institute (CMRDI), Cairo, Egypt

² Tabbin Institute for Metallurgical Studies (TIMS), Cairo, Egypt

10.21608/ijmti.2022.137969.1054

Abstract

The transition from mild to severe wear mechanism of Ti-6Al4V alloy was investigated. Microstructure and wear micro-mechanisms were also investigated. The as-cast samples were subjected to hot swaging at 900°C, followed by two separate solution treatments on the swaged samples. The first treatment was applied at a temperature of 850 °C (below the β-transus temperature) for getting a bimodal structure (α+β), while the second treatment was performed at 1050 °C (above the β-transus) for getting a lamellar structure (β). The solution-treated lamellar structure resulted in an ultimate strength of 1335 MPa and a hardness of 440 HV₂₀which aresignificantly superior to the bimodal structure. The wear behavior of the studied Ti64 alloy was investigated at different sliding speeds in the range of 0.5 to 2.5 m/s with 0.5 m/s interval. The transition from mild to severe wear mechanism was obtained at 1.5 m/s. The lowest wear rate was reported for the samples solution treated at 1050 °C due to their fine lamellae (α+β) structure and the high hardness. SEM was used to evaluate the worn surfaces of some samples to determine the wear micro-mechanisms.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Metal Casting

References

[1] X. Liu, P.K. Chu, C. Ding, “Surface modification of titanium, titanium alloys, and related materials for biomedical applications”, Materials Science and Engineering R, vol. 47, 2004, pp. 49-121.

[2] E. Eisenbarth, V. Velten, M. Mueller, R. Thull, J. Breme, “Biocompatibility of β-stabilizing elements of titanium alloys”, Biomaterials, vol.25, 2004, pp. 5705-5713.

[3] C.T. Chang, Y.C. Du, R.K. Shiue, C.S. Chang, “Infrared brazing of high strength titanium alloys by Ti-15Cu-15Ni and Ti-15Cu-25Ni filler foils”, Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 420, 2006, pp. 155-164.

[4] L.W. Meyer, L. Krueger, K. Sommer, “Dynamic strength and failure behavior of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V for a variation of heat treatment”, Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, vol. 12, 2008, pp. 237-247.

[5] T.M. Mower, “Degradation of titanium 6Al-4V fatigue strength due to electrical discharge machining”, International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 64, 2014, pp. 84-96.

[6] S.M. Johnson, D. Lopez, “Effect of the cooling rate in the corrosion behavior of a hot worked Ti-6Al-4V extra-low interstitial alloy”, Materials & design, vol. 58, 2014, pp. 175-181.

[7] K.M. Ibrahim, A. Hussein, M. Abdelkawy, “Effect of Si-addition as a grain refiner on microstructure and properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy”, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, vol. 23, 2013, pp. 1863-1874.

[8] K.M. Ibrahim, M. Mhaede, L. Wagner, “Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure mechanical properties of hot swaged CP-Ti produced by investment casting”, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, vol. 21, 2012, pp. 114-118.

[9] K.M. Ibrahim, A.M. Elhakeem, R. N. Elshaer, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of cast and heat treated Ti-6.55Al-3.41Mo-1.77Zr alloy”, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, vol. 23, 2013, pp. 3517-3524.

[10] H. Shao, Y. Zhao, P. Ge, W. Zeng, “Influence of cooling rate and aging on the lamellar microstructure and fractography of TC21 titanium alloy”, Metallography, Microstructure and Analysis, vol. 2, 2013, pp. 35-41.

[11] S.L. Semiatin, S.L. Knisley, P.N. Fagin, “Microstructure evolution during alpha-beta heat treatment of Ti-6Al-4V”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol. 34, 2003, pp. 2377-2386.

[12] S. Bohemen, A. Kampa, R.H. Petrov, L.A. Kestens, J. Sietsma, “Nucleation and variant selection of secondary α-plates in α-β Ti-alloys”, Acta Materialia., vol. 56, 2008, pp. 5907-5914.

[13] M. Masmoudi, M. Assoul, M. Wery, R. Abdelhedi, F. El-Halouani, G. Monteil, "Friction and wear behavior of cp Ti and Ti6Al4V following nitric acid passivation", Applied Surface Science, vol. 253, 2006, pp. 2237–2243.

[14] C. Courbon, F. Pusavec, F. Dumont, J. Rech, J. Kopac, "Tribological behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 718 under cryogenic conditions- A application to the context of machining with carbide tools", Tribology International, vol. 66, 2013, pp. 72-82.

[15] Y. Chen, T. Cheng, X. Nie, "Wear failure behavior of titanium-based oxide coatings on a titanium alloys under impact and sliding forces", Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 578, 2013, pp. 336-344.

[16] A. Molineri, G. Straffelini, B. Tesi, T. Baccai, "Dry sliding wear mechanism of the Ti6Al4V alloy, Wear, vol. 208, 1997, pp. 105–117.

[17] S. Krol, W. Grzesik, Z. Zalisz, M. Hepner, "Frictional behavior of oxygen diffusion hardened titanium in dry sliding against Co–28Cr–5W–4Fe–3Ni–1Si cobalt alloy", Tribology International, vol. 37, 2004, pp. 633–643.

[18] K.G. Budinski, "Tribological properties of titanium alloys", Wear, vol. 151, 1991, pp. 203-217.

[19] T. Morita, K. Asakura, C. Kagaya, "Effect of combination treatment on wear resistance and strength of Ti-6Al-4V alloy", Materials Science & Engineering A, vol. 618, 2014, pp. 438-446.

[20] M.T. Jovanovic, S. Tadic, S. Zec, Z. Miskovic, I. Bobic, "The effect of annealing temperatures and cooling rates and microstructure and mechanical properties of investment cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy", Materials & Design, vol. 27, 2006, pp. 192-199.

[21] S.S. Youssef, K.M. Ibrahim, M. Abdel-Karim, "Effect of heat treatment process on tribological behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy", International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research, vol. 2, no. 2, 2013, pp. 385-394.

[22] T. Morita, K. Hatsuoka, T. Lizuka, K. Kawasaki, "Strengthening of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by short-time duplex heat treatment", Materials Transactions, vol. 46, no. 7, 2005, pp. 1681-1686.

[23] S.G. Setti, R.N. Rao, "Tribological behavior of near β titanium alloy as a function of α+β solution treatment temperature", Materials and Design, vol. 50, 2013, pp. 997-1004.

[24] O. Alam, A.S. Haseeb, "Response of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-24Al-11Nb alloys to dry sliding wear against hardened steel", Journal of Tribology International, vol. 35, 2002, pp. 357-362.

[25] J. Qu, P.J. Blau, T.R. Watkins, O.B. Cavin, N.S. Kulkarni, "Friction and wear of titanium alloys sliding against metal, polymer, and ceramic counterfaces", Wear, vol. 258, 2005, pp. 1348–1356.

[26] J.F. Archard, "Contact and rubbing of flat surfaces", Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 24, no. 8, 1953, pp. 981-988.

[27] S.S. Youssef, K.M. Ibrahim, M. Karim, "Effect of heat treatment process on tribological behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy", International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research, vol. 2, no. 4, 2013, pp. 385-394.

[28] Y.S. Lee, M. Niinomi, M. Nakai, K. Narita, K. Cho, "Predominant factor determining wear properties of β-type and (α+β)-type titanium alloys in metal-to-metal contact for biomedical applications", Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, vol. 41, 2015, pp. 208-220.

[29] Ramadan Elshaer, Khaled M. Ibrahim, Ibrahim Lotfy, Mahmoud Abdel-Latif, “Effect of cooling rate and ageing process on wear behaviour of deformed TC21 Ti-alloy”, Key Engineering Materials, vol. 835, 2020, pp. 265-273.